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View table: Ecoregion_Level_1 - PanEcoDevWiki Jump to content

View table: Ecoregion_Level_1

Table structure:

  1. hasName - String
  2. hasURL - URL
  3. hasID - String
  4. hasEcoregionID - String
  5. hasLevel - Integer
  6. hasDescription - Text
  7. hasBiologicalSetting - Text
  8. hasPhysicalSetting - Text
  9. hasClimate - Text
  10. isSubregionOf - List of Page, delimiter: ,
  11. hasSubregion - List of Page, delimiter: ,
  12. hasChildEcoregion - List of Page, delimiter: ,
  13. hasFootprint - Page
  14. hasGeography - List of Page, delimiter: ,
  15. hasHydrography - List of Page, delimiter: ,

This table has 4 rows altogether.

Recreate data.

Page hasName hasURL hasID hasEcoregionID hasLevel hasDescription hasBiologicalSetting hasPhysicalSetting hasClimate isSubregionOf hasSubregion hasChildEcoregion hasFootprint hasGeography hasHydrography
Eastern Temperate Forests (edit) Eastern Temperate Forests

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8 1 This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mild- ly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of human inhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities. The Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types occur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are com- mon in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While various species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common persimmon, eastern red cedar and flowering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chest- nut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the first half of the twenti- eth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a significant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region con- tains a great diversity of species within several groups of animals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. A variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime- stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems. The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum. The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum. USA • North America • American South • Midwest • Northeast Maine • Maryland • New Jersey • New York • North Carolina • South Carolina • Florida • Ohio • Tennessee • Kentucky Mixed Wood Plains • Central USA Plains • Southeastern USA Plains • Ozark Ouachita-Appalachian Forests • Mississippi Alluvial and Southeast USA Coastal Plains GeoJson:EasternTemperateForests Great Lakes • Low mountains • Dissected plateaus • Rolling uplands • Broad river valleys Mississippi Basin • Ohio Basin • Tennessee Basin • Missouri Basin • St. Lawrence Basin
Northwestern Forested Mountains (edit) Northwestern Forested Mountains

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6.0 1 This ecological region extends from Alaska south through southern Yukon, interior British Columbia and the Alberta foothills, through northern California and over into Nevada. It contains the highest mountains of North America and some of the continent’s most diverse mosaics of ecosystem types, ranging from alpine tundra to dense conifer forests to dry sagebrush and grasslands. There are major river systems, including the headwaters to both the Fraser and Columbia rivers. The basis for aggregating all this diversity into one ecological region is topographic—the chains of mountains that traverse its whole length. This region of 800,000 people is a major tourist area for skiing, hiking and other outdoor recreational pursuits. Substantial forestry and mining activity occur throughout. ecological region extends from Alaska south through southern Yukon, interior British Columbia and the Alberta foothills, through northern California and over into Nevada. It contains the highest mountains of North America and some of the continent’s most diverse mosaics of ecosystem types, ranging from alpine tundra to dense conifer forests to dry sagebrush and grasslands. There are major river systems, including the headwaters to both the Fraser and Columbia rivers. The basis for aggregating all this diversity into one ecological region is topographic—the chains of mountains that traverse its whole length. This region of 800,000 people is a major tourist area for skiing, hiking and other outdoor recreational pursuits. Substantial forestry and mining activity occur throughout. Physical setting This ecological region consists of extensive mountains and plateaus separated by wide valleys and lowlands. Most of these plains and valleys are covered by moraine and, to some degree, fluvial and lacustrine deposits, whereas the mountains consist largely of colluvium and rock outcrops. Numerous glacial lakes occur at higher elevations. Soils are variable, encompassing shallow soils of alpine sites and nutrient-poor forest soils of the mountain slopes, as well as soils suitable for agriculture and those rich in calcium that support natural dry grasslands. 1 2 Jacques Lake in Jasper National Park epitomizes the wilderness beauty of the Canadian Rockies. Remnants of the old-growth forest are the primary habitat of the Spotted Owl. 1 Photo: Douglas Kirk 2 The climate is subarid to arid and mild in southern lower valleys, humid and cold at higher elevations within the central reaches, and cold and subarid in the north. Moist Pacific air and the effect of orographic rainfall control the precipitation pattern such that both rain shadows and wet belts are generated, often in close geographic proximity to each other. The rain shadow cast by the massive coast mountains results in a relatively dry climate. The Rocky Mountains also impede the westward flow of cold, continental Arctic air masses. Mean annual temperatures range between –6°C in the north to 7°C to 10°C in south. Mean summer temperatures range from 10°C to 21°C, whereas mean winter temperatures range from –23°C to 0°C. Annual precipitation varies with elevation, from 2,600 mm in the Cascade mountains to the north, to 400 mm in other mountainous areas, to between 250–500 mm in the valleys. Biological setting Vegetative cover is extremely diverse: alpine environments contain various herb, lichen and shrub associations; whereas the subalpine environment has tree species such as lodgepole pine, subalpine fir, silver fir, grand fir, and Engelmann spruce. With decreasing elevation, the vegetation of the mountainous slopes and rolling plains turns into forests characterized by ponderosa pine; interior Douglas fir; lodgepole pine and trembling aspen in much of the southeast and central portions; and western hemlock, western red cedar, Douglas fir and western white pine in the west and southwest. White and black spruce dominate the plateaus of the north. Shrub vegetation found in the dry southern interior includes big sagebrush, rabbit brush and antelope brush. Most of the natural grasslands that existed in the dry south have vanished, replaced by urban settlement and agriculture. Characteristic mammals include mule deer, elk, moose, mountain goat, California bighorn sheep, coyote, black and grizzly bear, hoary marmot and Columbian ground squirrel. Typical bird species include blue grouse, Steller’s jay and black-billed magpie. Human activities Commercial forest operations have been established in many parts, particularly in the northern interior sections. Mining, oil and gas production, and tourism are the other significant activities. In the eastern Rocky and Columbia mountains, however, national and provincial parks have been established for recreational use or as reserves for wildlife habitat. It is mainly in the valleys that areas have been improved for range or are farmed. Vegetative cover is extremely diverse: alpine environments contain various herb, lichen and shrub associations; whereas the subalpine environment has tree species such as lodgepole pine, subalpine fir, silver fir, grand fir, and Engelmann spruce. With decreasing elevation, the vegetation of the mountainous slopes and rolling plains turns into forests characterized by ponderosa pine; interior Douglas fir; lodgepole pine and trembling aspen in much of the southeast and central portions; and western hemlock, western red cedar, Douglas fir and western white pine in the west and southwest. White and black spruce dominate the plateaus of the north. Shrub vegetation found in the dry southern interior includes big sagebrush, rabbit brush and antelope brush. Most of the natural grasslands that existed in the dry south have vanished, replaced by urban settlement and agriculture. Characteristic mammals include mule deer, elk, moose, mountain goat, California bighorn sheep, coyote, black and grizzly bear, hoary marmot and Columbian ground squirrel. Typical bird species include blue grouse, Steller’s jay and black-billed magpie. This ecological region consists of extensive mountains and plateaus separated by wide valleys and lowlands. Most of these plains and valleys are covered by moraine and, to some degree, fluvial and lacustrine deposits, whereas the mountains consist largely of colluvium and rock outcrops. Numerous glacial lakes occur at higher elevations. Soils are variable, encompassing shallow soils of alpine sites and nutrient-poor forest soils of the mountain slopes, as well as soils suitable for agriculture and those rich in calcium that support natural dry grasslands. 1 2 Jacques Lake in Jasper National Park epitomizes the wilderness beauty of the Canadian Rockies. Remnants of the old-growth forest are the primary habitat of the Spotted Owl. 1 Photo: Douglas Kirk 2 The climate is subarid to arid and mild in southern lower valleys, humid and cold at higher elevations within the central reaches, and cold and subarid in the north. Moist Pacific air and the effect of orographic rainfall control the precipitation pattern such that both rain shadows and wet belts are generated, often in close geographic proximity to each other. The rain shadow cast by the massive coast mountains results in a relatively dry climate. The Rocky Mountains also impede the westward flow of cold, continental Arctic air masses. Mean annual temperatures range between –6°C in the north to 7°C to 10°C in south. Mean summer temperatures range from 10°C to 21°C, whereas mean winter temperatures range from –23°C to 0°C. Annual precipitation varies with elevation, from 2,600 mm in the Cascade mountains to the north, to 400 mm in other mountainous areas, to between 250–500 mm in the valleys. North America Boreal Cordillera
Title (edit) _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasName]

[_Ecoregion_Level_1[hasURL] URL]

_Ecoregion_Level_1[hasID] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasEcoregionID] 0 _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasDescription] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasBiologicalSetting] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasPhysicalSetting] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasClimate] _Ecoregion_Level_1[isSubregionOf] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasSubregion] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasChildEcoregion] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasFootprint] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasGeography] _Ecoregion_Level_1[hasHydrography]
Tundra (edit) Tundra 2 1 This is the largest Arctic level I ecological region on the continent. It covers northern Alaska, Yukon, the Arctic islands of Canada, portions of the mainland of the Northwest Territories, and northern Québec. The region has a reputation of being a desolate, cold, dry and desert-like set- ting but in reality, the landscape is diverse, ranging from vast grassland-like plains to stark, bold mesas; from ice covered lakes to snow-free uplands; and the climate ranges from long, dark, cold winters to short, cool summers with long periods of daylight. Spring and summer bring a sudden greening of the landscape. This ecological region is sparsely populated with 26,000 peo- ple. Major activities include hunting, fishing and trapping. This ecological region represents a major area of transition between the Taiga forest to the south and the treeless Arctic tundra to the north. It is characterized by dwarf shrubs that decrease in size moving north, with very low and flattened plants being most characteristic of the northern and central locales. Major river valleys support scattered clumps of stunted spruce trees. Typical shrubs include dwarf birch, willows, and heath species commonly mixed with various herbs and lichens. Wetlands are common in the low-lying areas, mainly supporting sedge and moss covers. A wide variety of mammals thrive in this ecological region. The region includes the major sum- mer range and calving grounds for Canada’s largest caribou herds, the barren ground caribou in the west and the woodland caribou in the east. The Peary caribou are found only in the high Arctic islands. Other mammals include grizzly bear, musk ox, Arctic fox, Arctic hare, polar bear, wolf, moose, Arctic ground squirrel and lemming. The area is also a major breeding and nesting ground for a variety of migratory birds. Representative species include snow, Brant and Canada geese; yellow-billed, Arctic, and red-throated loons; whistling swans; oldsquaw ducks; gyrfalcons; willow and rock ptarmigan; red-necked phalarope; parasitic jaeger; snowy owls; hoary redpoll and snow bunting. In the adjacent marine environment, typical species include walrus, seal, beluga whale and narwhal. In the summer months, California gray whales migrate here to feed. The Arctic islands circumscribe a variety of oceanic conditions. In the far north, the waters are ice- fast, even through the summer periods. Towards the south, open waters are more common in the summer, but pack ice usually persists offshore. The permafrost is continuous and may extend to depths of several hundred metres. Mostly underlain by Precambrian granitic bedrock with some areas of flat-lying Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary bedrock, the terrain consists largely of broadly rolling uplands and lowlands. Much of it is mantled by discontinuous shallow and deep morainal deposits, except near the coasts, where fine-textured marine sediments occur. Strung out across the landscape are long, sinuous eskers, reaching lengths of 100 km in places. The undulat- ing landscape is studded with innumerable lakes and wetlands in the Canadian Shield section of the ecological region. Soils are frozen, with a shallow and wet thaw layer in the summer. This region experiences long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Mean annual temperature ranges from –17°C in the northern islands to –7°C in northern Quebec. Summer mean temper- atures range from –1.5°C in the north to 6°C in the south, producing a short growing season. The short summer growing season is enhanced by long periods of daylight. Winters pass in darkness. The mean winter temperature ranges from –31°C in the north to –17.5°C in northern Quebec. The annual precipitation varies from 100 mm to 500 mm, the lowest in Canada. Snow may fall any month of the year and usually persists on the ground for at least 10 months (September to June). North America • Canada • USA • Alaska • Quebec • Newfoundland • Nunavut • Northwest Territories • Yukon Auyuittuq National Park • Arctic Cordillera • Northern Arctic • Southern Arctic Northern Arctic • Alaska Tundra • Brooks Range Tundra • Southern Arctic GeoJson:Tundra Baffin Island • Victoria Island • Ellesmere Island • Banks Island • Devon Island • Axel Heiberg Island • Melville Island • Prince of Wales Island • Somerset Island • Southampton Island • King William Island • Byam Martin Island • Cornwall Island • Bathurst Island • Prince Patrick Island • Eglinton Island • Ellef Ringnes Island • Lougheed Island • Bylot Island • Meighen Island • Graham Island • Cornwallis Island • Coburg Island • Devonshire Island • Amund Ringnes Island • Buckingham Island • Cornwallis South Island • North Kent Island • Boothia Peninsula Island • Griffith Island • Little Cornwall Island • North Devon Island • Bathurst South Island • Ellesmere South Island • Mackenzie King Island • Bell Island • Baillie Island • Alexander Island • Thor Island • Patterson Island • Bruce Island • Beechey Island • Russell Island • Hanson Island • Wilmot Island • Des Voeux Island • Barrow Island • Lowther Island • Table Island • Seymour Island • Coats Island • Qikiqtarjuaq • Akpatok Island • Akulivik Island • Port Harvey Island • Prince Charles Island • Prince Leopold Island • Toker Island • Dundas Island • Somerset South Island • Becher Island Mackenzie River • Back River • Thelon River • Coppermine River • Arctic Ocean • Baffin Bay • Hudson Bay • Beaufort Sea • Atlantic Ocean
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